Complete the sentences using must, cant, may, might, could. This video is part of an ielts preparation course, but would be useful for any upper intermediate or advanced student who wishes to further their grammar skills. The main verb of a sentence is often preceded by one or more auxiliary or helping verbs, which together form a complete verb. You should have apologised a criticism you shouldnt have said that. Jun 07, 2014 by these modal verbs the speaker expresses how certain he is about the given thing. We use modals of deduction to say how sure we are about something. Here we have looked at them used for a present deduction. Past modal verbs of deduction exercise she must have gone out there is strong evidence. In this modal verbs of deduction and speculation worksheet, students make deductions and speculate on what is happening in mysterious situations. I took my car to the mechanic yesterday and he said the problem would be fixed in a day so my car should be ready by now.
You use not to make modal verbs negative, even in simple present and simple past. To make guesses or deductions about past actions or states use. Im sure he isnt at home theres light in his study, he must be working she. Students begin by matching each modal verb of deduction or speculation with its function. The modal verb could does this too, either with an infinitive or with a. Modals verbs of deduction and speculation english grammar lesson upper intermediate duration. We can use modal verbs for deduction guessing if something is true using the available information. Deduction means using the information available to make a guess or draw a conclusion about the facts. Modals of deduction and speculation phone english blog. Modal verbs of deduction and speculation in the past aba. Students headway students site intermediate fourth edition grammar unit 11 modal verbs of probability. Modal verbs for expectation presentfuture expectation. Exercise 1 complete the blanks with must, cant, or might.
The most commonly used modals are shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to. Now the modal verbs might and may plus an infinitive show that were talking about a present possibility, not a certainty. Modals possibility, probability, guesses and deductions modals can be used to show possibility, probability, a guess or a deduction a guess. Modals of deduction deductions are guesses based facts you know. This is an amazing yet easy to use worksheet for higher level students where they can practice modals of deduction in a fun and amusing context.
Police are still looking for the multi millionaire banker cecil. I might have made a mistake there is a possibility that i made a mistake. This worksheet is designed to be used in conjunction with unit 1. I was teaching the modal verbs of deduction for a hundredth time and suddenly the students could understand it and use it correctly. Most grammars consider ought to a semi modal, that is, a verb that is in some ways like a modal and in other ways like a main verb. When making deductions about the present, we use must if we are. Type use modal verbs example 1 to express possibilities for the future could, may, might it may rain tomorrow. We use modal verbs in a situation where we need some level of deduction which means we say how sure. The words be, have, do, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, will, would, used, need, dare, ought are called auxiliaries. When you expect something to happen although you are not completely, 100% certain, you can use shouldshouldnt for the present or future. Modals of deduction and speculation we can use these modal verbs also called modals of deduction, speculation or certainty when we want to make a guess about something.
Must, might, may, could and cant have many more meanings and are used to talk about different situations. There is a list of modal verbs that are called modals of deduction and they are going to be discussed in this article. Modals deductions about the present grammar intermediate to. English grammar modals of deduction esl activities. My ielts classroom modal verbs of deduction and speculation. Present and past modals of deduction with sherlock holmes. Modals in the present and past learn english,grammar,english. Plus, learn when and where these sentences are useful in the ielts exam. Deduction on a past event joe may might have taken the wrong train.
Modal verbs pdf worksheets english vocabulary and grammar. Oxford practice grammar advanced, george yule, oxford university press isbn 9780194327541 page. Would 2 present unreal i would buy the car but i cant afford it. We can use certain modal auxiliary verbs to make deductions, i. Modal verbs for deduction exercise 1 complete the blanks with must, cant, or might. To make guesses or deductions about past actions or states use a past modal of deduction. Mar 24, 2014 modals verbs of deduction and speculation english grammar lesson upper intermediate duration. Using modal auxiliary verbs a verb is the part of speech that expresses action, condition, or being. Lesson 10 modal verbs for deduction todays lesson will focus on using modal verbs for certainty, probability, and deduction. Most grammars consider ought to a semimodal, that is, a verb that is in some ways like a modal and in other ways like a main verb.
In the cambridge dictionary grammar, there is a good explanation of the difference between should and ought to. Modal verbs of deduction behave differently to the other types of modal verbs slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Modals and auxiliaries 12 an auxiliary is a helping verb. Can, could, might, may, must, should, will, would and shall are modal verbs. Cut these into stripes and give to different studentsgroups of students. If you say noone could have broken it then the possibility of breaking it must be in the past and not in the present. Modal verbs of deduction games to learn english games. Let them discuss where james is and what he is doing based on the information given. May 14, 2012 modal verbs of deduction behave differently to the other types of modal verbs slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Students result english result upperintermediate grammar unit 6 modals of deduction in the past. Modals verbs deduction speculation esl activities games. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. Look at the presentation and practice present and past deductions using appropriate modal verbs. Lesson by tristan, teacher at ec malta english school.
The greatest thing that can happen to a teacher is the aha. Modal verbs use other verbs to complete the tenses. Dont forget they are always followed by the infinitive form without to. Stay connected to your students with prezi video, now in microsoft teams. They express modes such as ability, possibility, probability, permission, obligation, etc. Modals of deduction other english exercises on the same topic. Im sure he is at home his car is gone, he cant be at home. The most commonly used modals are shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, used to, need and dare.
A criticism a fill the gaps with must have, might have or cant have. Verbs change form to indicate person, number, tense, voice, and mood. To teach past and present modal verbs of speculation and deduction. Today we are going to look at modal verbs of deduction and speculation in the past. With a present or future reference, the modal is followed by a base verb the infinitive form of the main verb, without to. Present modal verbs of deduction exercise autoenglish. Modal verbs to talk about deduction and probability. These modal verbs of deduction in the past are often confusing and difficult to remember, but with a little hard work and practice, you will learn how to use them correctly.
Here the word calling is the main verb and the word was is an auxiliary verb. Grammar modals of deduction present sb page 86 shouldnt. Modals are those helping verbs, which express the mode or manner of the actions indicated by the main verbs. In this interactive video, you will learn how to use the modal verbs must, may, might, could and cant to make logical guesses about the present and the past. Present modal verbs of deduction and probability exercise check through the different uses. Fill in all the gaps, then press check to check your answers. In the cambridge dictionary grammar, there is a good explanation of the difference between should and ought to please let us know if you have any other specific questions. Apr 19, 2011 look at the presentation and practice present and past deductions using appropriate modal verbs. Modals of deduction present we can use must, may, might, could and cant to express how sure we are about something happening in the present or the future.
Firstly, its important to remember what modal verbs are and why they are used. Depending on the information available, you might be more. All downloads are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. The words be, have, do, can, could, may, might, shall, should. Modals of deduction games in the following quizzes you can find about 30 different sentences to practise the usage of modal verbs for deductions. Lesson 10 modal verbs for deduction espresso english. Maltalingua english language school 70,039 views 2. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.